Nicole’s clinical presentation and history yield several aspects contributing to a diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence with possible mixed

Nicole’s clinical presentation and history yield several aspects contributing to a diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence with possible mixed components. Her six full-term vaginal births create obstetrical trauma significance, likely damaging the musculature of the pelvic floor and connective tissue support. Compounding the postmenopausal state is the consequence of estrogen deficiency, resulting in atrophic urethral … Read more

Nicole is a 55-year-old woman who presents with complaint of inability to hold urine. She describes incidents where laughing or co

Nicole is a 55-year-old woman who presents with complaint of inability to hold urine. She describes incidents where laughing or coughing results in a small to moderate release of urine. She has started wearing Peri Pads to avoid embarrassment.  Past Medical History  • Six vaginal deliveries, all to full term  • Osteoarthritis  • Postmenopausal  Medications  … Read more